Categories
Cybereconomy

The Transformation of Money

diginomics (noun) : (dij’i-nom’iks) [digital + economics] the technological and social development toward an all-digital economy conducted electronically in all financial dealings between buyer and seller; a cashless society where all financial transactions are conducted electronically.

Merriam-Webster Online Dictionary

Joel Kurtzman, chairman of the Kurtzman Group, in his 1993 book, The Death of Money, called the new currency “megabyte money”, saying it was (and is) “an entirely new form of money based not on metal or paper, but on technology, mathematics, and science … This new megabyte money is creating a new and different world wherever it proceeds.” This former Executive Editor of Harvard Business Review and current business book reviewer for CNN, noted that “money now is different … It is no longer a thing … it is a system. Money is a network. Few people realize that money, in the traditional sense, has met its demise. Fewer still have paused to reflect on the implications of that fact.”

The “New Money Factor” of diginomics covers an extremely large spectrum to include not only the issue of currency being digitized, but every aspect of economic lifestyles today. It addresses both “how” we shop and “where” we shop. It’s how we spend our money and the electronic environments of that experience. Are we using cash, checks, and coins, or are we totally cashless? The popular yet controversial series of commercials by Visa in which the arterial flow of cashless shopping is stymied by the user of cash depicts both the reality of our times and a trend into the future.

The January 29, 2007 edition of Information Week notes that, “A generation is growing up hacking and slashing their way through virtual worlds, and they’re going to expect a 3-D, virtual interface for the rest of their online interaction.” Later, in the April issue, IW went further to say of this new generation of shoppers, “Now they want everything at Internet speed.”

The International Business Times of London headlined in its November 24, 2011 edition that the “Next Generation to be Born into ‘Cashless’ Society”, stating that “Today’s younger generation will trade in their cash, credit cards and cheques for mobile digital wallets by 2016. Children born today will be Britain’s first cashless generation and will frequently use their smartphones in exchange for goods and services.”

The Digital Economy continues to chase the heels of the Tangible Economy (where cash has long been king throughout history), getting ever closer to parity since its inception, ever reaching for predominance. Dr. Peter Bishop, the University of Houston’s “professional futurist” professor who oversees that school’s Studies of the Future program, calls this the era of “The Intangible Society”.

In a white paper entitled The Waves of Creative Destruction: Technology Past, Present & Future, Dr. Bishop declares, “We should not call it the information society because it is more than information. It’s also communication, finance, education, entertainment. I propose instead that we call it The Intangible Society—the first industrial society to offer breakthrough productivity on purely intangible products and services.”

Don Tapscott, in his classic book, The Digital Economy [© 1996, McGraw-Hill] has an equally interesting term for the new digital era: “the Age of Sand.”

“The new economy is a digital economy,” he writes. “The new age could be aptly dubbed the age of sand. The affairs of commerce, business transactions, human communications, and the insights of science are all reduced to charges on particles of silicon or racing through glass fibers, both derived from sand.”

In an era when books, movies, music, and newsprint are transmuting from atoms to bits, money remains irritatingly analog. Physical currency is a bulky, germ-smeared, carbon-intensive, expensive medium of exchange. Let’s dump it!

– David Wolman, WIRED, 17.06; “Time to Cash-Out: Why Paper Money Hurts the Economy

“Money is now an image,” writes Kurzman in The Death of Money. “Simultaneously, it can be displayed on millions of computer screens on millions of desks around the world. But, in reality, it is located nowhere and needs no vault for safekeeping. Yet, while money has no real location, it has created an environment that is paradoxically everywhere while taking up no physical space … A community where neighbors, colleagues, and competitors are accessible only through electronics.”

Categories
Cybereconomy

What Is Money?

The need for money comes from the idea that we live on a planet with finite resources. Human desire is not limited, yet resources vary by scarcity and availability. Therefore, it is necessary to have a medium to exchange those resources which are not perfectly abundant. This medium must be generally accepted to be useful as money.

A unit of exchange is necessary to allocate scarce resources among a population with theoretically limitless desire. Money itself is neither good nor evil, but rather a necessary tool in a properly functioning economy.

Money is a unit which can be used as a:

  1. Medium of Exchange
  2. Store of Value
  3. Unit of Account

Aristotle, the Greek philosopher, defined the characteristics of a valid currency comprising of four core aspects:

    1. Durability

Money must remain in the same state it was originally created in. It cannot change or be destroyed by the forces which use it.

    1. Portability

Money must be able to be moved easily.

    1. Divisibility

Money must be able to be divided into smaller units.

    1. Fungibility

All units of money in circulation must be identical.

Trust that the money supply will be accepted makes up the most important factor when it comes to its survival. When this trust erodes, the tender is in danger of being debased. There are many reasons why money loses its trust among its user base. Money could then be described as a collective agreement.

When there are enough people who settle on what holds their trust, that which they agree upon becomes secondary. History has provided us of countless examples of this being true. Whether it be cigarettes among a prison society, animals among farmers, precious metals among kings, and now computer code, money remains a collective agreement established by its user base.

Money is a proxy for labour. Think of money as a bearer instrument with which you can redeem services from society. It is essentially stored labour product, and therefore, can be seen as stored energy.

The entire money supply, and the financial system it operates within, is a vast network of information on who owns and owes what to whom.